What type of virus is KSHV?
What type of virus is KSHV?
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is caused by infection with a virus called the Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8). KSHV is in the same family as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis (mono) and is linked to several types of cancer.
What cells does KSHV infect?
Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV-8) infects a variety of in vivo target cells such as endothelial cells, B cells, monocytes, epithelial cells, and keratinocytes.
What infection causes Kaposi sarcoma?
Kaposi’s sarcoma is caused by a virus called the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as the Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV).
Which of the following virus is associated with Kaposi’s Sarkoma?
People infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) — the virus that causes AIDS — have the highest risk of Kaposi’s sarcoma. The immune system damage caused by HIV allows cells harboring HHV-8 to multiply. Through unknown mechanisms, the characteristic lesions form.
What viruses are oncogenic?
Oncogenic DNA viruses include EBV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Oncogenic RNA viruses include, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1).
How is KSHV transmitted?
KS is the result of infection with a gamma herpesvirus known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8). It is in the same family as the Epstein-Barr virus, which causes mononucleosis. KSHV is transmitted mainly through saliva.
What are the four types of Kaposi sarcoma?
There are four different types of KS defined by the different populations it develops in, but the changes within the KS cells are very similar.
- Epidemic (AIDS-associated) Kaposi sarcoma.
- Classic (Mediterranean) Kaposi sarcoma.
- Endemic (African) Kaposi sarcoma.
- Iatrogenic (transplant-related) Kaposi sarcoma.
Which Hepatitis is oncogenic?
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an oncogenic virus that can lead to variable degrees of liver fibrosis and damage (cirrhosis). HCV and associated cirrhosis are the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
What does KSHV stand for?
Abstract. Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is the most common cancer in HIV-infected untreated individuals. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)) is the infectious cause of this neoplasm.
What is oral Kaposi sarcoma?
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a type of cancer in which patches of abnormal tissue grow under the skin or mucous membranes in the mouth, nose, and anus. The cancer can also involve the lungs, GI tract, and other organs. Kaposi sarcoma tumors usually manifest as bluish-red or purple bumps.
Is HBV oncogenic?
Introduction. HBV-related HCC occurs in the setting of cirrhosis and in normal liver,9 underlying that the virus has its own oncogenic properties besides the induction of chronic inflammation in the liver.
What does KSHV cause?
A type of virus that causes Kaposi sarcoma (a rare cancer in which lesions grow in the skin, lymph nodes, lining of the mouth, nose, and throat, and other tissues of the body). KSHV also causes certain types of lymphoma (cancer that begins in cells of the immune system).
What is a KS lesion?
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a cancer that causes patches of abnormal tissue to grow under the skin, in the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat, in lymph nodes, or in other organs. These patches, or lesions, are usually red or purple. They are made of cancer cells, blood vessels, and blood cells.
What are oncogenes examples?
Examples of proto-oncogenes
- pancreatic cancer.
- lung carcinoma and lung tumors.
- colon tumors.
- thyroid tumors.
Is Epstein Barr oncogenic?
Under immunocompromised conditions, EBV can trigger human cancers of epithelial and lymphoid origin. The oncogenic potential of EBV is demonstrated by in vitro infection and transformation of quiescent B cells into lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs).
Is KSHV a retrovirus?
Transactivation of human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) by KSHV promotes Kaposi’s sarcoma development. Oncogene. 2018 Aug;37(33):4534-4545.
What is another name for Kaposi sarcoma?
Kaposi’s sarcoma
| Kaposi’s sarcoma, multiple haemorrhagic sarcoma | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Kaposi sarcoma |
| Kaposi sarcoma. Characteristic purple lesions on the nose in an HIV-positive female. | |
| Pronunciation | /kæˈpoʊsiz/, /ˈkɑːpəsiz, ˈkæpə-/ |
| Specialty | Oncology |
Why is EBV oncogenic?
EBV-encoded genes rapidly lead to oncogenesis by activating cellular oncogenes or interacting with proteins in host cells. The latent proteins and miRNAs encoded by EB virus in host cells alone or in combination drive the cell cycle through a variety of pathways.
What are the risk factors for KSHV?
For gay and bisexual men, “deep-kissing” (inserting the tongue deeply into partner’s mouth) has been thought to be a risk factor. Other scientists suspect that oral-genital or oral-anal contact may play a role in transmission. One risk factor for KSHV, like other sexually transmitted diseases, is having a large number of sex partners.
Is KSHV infection life-long?
However, once exposed to KSHV, infection is probably life-long and the immune system of healthy adults keeps the virus in check at extremely low levels. This is much more common that you would think and is probably true for a number of viruses, including the seven other herpesviruses.
What are KSHV genes and what do they do?
These KSHV genes are readily recognizable to cell biologists since they control key aspects of cell regulation, allowing the cell to replicate, to prevent cell death and to shut off immune responses in infected cells.
Is there a blood test for KSHV?
Infection with KSHV is diagnosed by a blood test and a number of research groups are trying to find the optimal method for virus detection. None of the current assays have been submitted to the FDA for approval yet and testing is therefore not generally available except on a research basis.