What are the cross section element of road?

The characteristics of cross-sectional elements are important in highway geometric design because they influence the safety and comfort. Camber provides for drainage, frictional resistance and reflectivity for safety etc. The road elements such as kerb, shoulders, carriageway width etc.

What are the layers of bituminous road?

Bituminous pavements are constructed in different layers such as base course, binder course and surface course. These layers are made of different materials and provides different functions to the bituminous pavements.

What is the recommended cross section (%) for shoulder in bituminous pavement?

Recommended values of camber The cross slope for shoulders should be 0.5 % steeper than the cross slope of adjoining pavement, subject to a minimum of 3.0% and a maximum value of 5.0% for earth shoulders.

What is difference between BM and DBM?

Bituminous Macadam (BM) The void content is 20 to 25% higher than the dense graded bitumen (DBM). The DBM have a void content of 3 to 5%. The BM have high potential to attract water and moisture.

How many layers are in a road?

Road construction vocabulary Roads are made up of four layers.

What is bituminous road?

What is Bituminous Road. Bituminous road consist of their surface with bituminous materials which is also called as Asphalt. It is sticky dark viscous liquid obtained from natural deposits like crude petroleum.

What is DBM and BC?

DBM (Dense Bituminous Macadam) & BC (Bituminous Concrete) are the top most layers of an Bituminous Top Roads, whose thickness is determined my MSA & CBR. CBR- California Bearing Ratio is a method of determining the mechanical strength & Load bearing capacity of soil.

What is minimum width of shoulder?

2.5 m
Min shoulder width recommended by IRC is 2.5 m.

What is cross section drawing?

Cross sections, or sections, as they’re commonly called, are architectural drawings that are orthographic projections of structures with a cut transecting them. This type of projection shows a three-dimensional drawing in a two-dimensional view.

How is GSB calculated?

Gsb = Bulk dry specific gravity of the total aggregate P1,P2,Pn = Percentages by weight of aggregates, 1,2,n; G1,G2,Gn = Bulk specific gravities of aggregates 1,2,n. The bulk specific gravity of mineral filler is difficult to determine accurately at the present time.

What is the thickness of road?

The estimated average base course thickness in these roads ranged between 159 – 166 mm with ± 9mm RMSD. The asphalt layer thicknesses of the minor arterial roads studied were between 91 – 99 mm for a designed thickness of 102 mm, with a RMSD of within ±22 mm. areas of the asphalt course at the asphalt-base interface.

How is bitumen road constructed?

Bitumen road construction consists of various steps such as preparation of base course, application of bituminous coat, placement of bituminous mix, rolling and check for quality etc. which are discussed.

What are the types of bituminous?

There are three varieties of bitumen emulsion, namely, slow setting (SS), medium setting (MS) and rapid setting (RS) depending upon the stability provided by the emulsifying agent. It can be easily applied at ambient temperature, merely mixing it with aggregates for road works starts the binding process.

What are components of road?

There are few component of road structure which are going to be discuss below which are as follows:

CARRIAGEWAY.
FORMATION WIDTH.
KERB.
ROAD MARGIN.
MEDIANS.
CAMBER.
RIGHT OF WAY.

What is bitumen BC?

Bituminous Concrete Mixes (BC) The bituminous concrete mix is used in two forms: Grade-1 and Grade-2.

How is BC quantity calculated?

Formula for Calculation of Bitumen Quantity in Road: Calculate Volume of Asphalt = (Long * Width * Thickness) m^3. Find out the density of Asphalt (2330 or 2400 Kg/m^3) Calculate the quantity of Asphalt= ( Density* Volume)/1000. Find out how much bitumen in the mixture (3.5-5% in Asphalt)

Bituminous road are waterproof, non-slippery, smooth, durable and it provides comfortable road surface for the traffic. It can withstand the adverse natural effects caused by heavy rain, excess heat and change in temperature. The viscosity of the bitumen and aggregate mix plays important role in defining the performance of bituminous road.

What grade of bitumen is used for bituminous road?

This type of bituminous road is generally adopted for the thickness of 50 and 75 mm. The grade of bitumen to be used for this type of road suggested by IRC ranges from 80/ 100, 60/ 70 & 30/ 40. Any one of the above grade can be adopted. Road tars of grades such as RT-4 & RT-5 can also be used.

How to use fluid bituminous binder in road construction?

Use fluid bituminous binder, mix it with aggregate at normal temperature. Mixing may be done at a plant (plant mix) or on the prepared roadway base (road mix). Spread and compact the mixture at normal temperature.

What are the different layers of bituminous paving?

In various layers, such as the base course, binder course, and surface course, bituminous pavements are constructed. These layers are constructed of various materials and the bituminous pavements have different functions.